# Copyright (C) 2015 Francesco Pannarale
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
# Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your
# option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General
# Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
import math
import numpy as np
import pycbc
import os.path
import scipy.optimize
import scipy.interpolate
import logging
import sys
##############################################################################
# Innermost Stable Spherical Orbit (ISSO) solver in the Perez-Giz (PG) #
# formalism [see Stone, Loeb, Berger, PRD 87, 084053 (2013)]. #
##############################################################################
# Equation that determines the ISCO radius (in BH mass units)
[docs]def ISCO_eq(r, chi):
"""
Polynomial that enables the calculation of the Kerr
inntermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) radius via its
roots.
Parameters
-----------
r: float
the radial coordinate in BH mass units
chi: float
the BH dimensionless spin parameter
Returns
----------
float
(r*(r-6))**2-chi**2*(2*r*(3*r+14)-9*chi**2)
"""
return (r*(r-6))**2-chi**2*(2*r*(3*r+14)-9*chi**2)
# Equation that determines the ISSO radius (in BH mass units) at one of the
# poles
[docs]def ISSO_eq_at_pole(r, chi):
"""
Polynomial that enables the calculation of the Kerr polar
(inclination = +/- pi/2) innermost stable spherical orbit
(ISSO) radius via its roots. Physical solutions are
between 6 and 1+sqrt[3]+sqrt[3+2sqrt[3]].
Parameters
----------
r: float
the radial coordinate in BH mass units
chi: float
the BH dimensionless spin parameter
Returns
-------
float
r**3*(r**2*(r-6)+chi**2*(3*r+4))+chi**4*(3*r*(r-2)+chi**2)
"""
return r**3*(r**2*(r-6)+chi**2*(3*r+4))+chi**4*(3*r*(r-2)+chi**2)
# Equation that determines the ISSO radius (in BH mass units) for a generic
# orbital inclination
[docs]def PG_ISSO_eq(r, chi, incl):
"""Polynomial that enables the calculation of a generic innermost
stable spherical orbit (ISSO) radius via its roots. Physical
solutions are between the equatorial ISSO (aka the ISCO) radius
and the polar ISSO radius. See Stone, Loeb, Berger, PRD 87, 084053 (2013).
Parameters
----------
r: float
the radial coordinate in BH mass units
chi: float
the BH dimensionless spin parameter
incl: float
inclination angle between the BH spin and the orbital angular
momentum in radians
Returns
-------
float
``r**8*Z+chi**2*(1-cos_incl**2)*(chi**2*(1-cos_incl**2)*Y-2*r**4*X)``
where
``X=chi**2*(chi**2*(3*chi**2+4*r*(2*r-3))+r**2*(15*r*(r-4)+28))-6*r**4*(r**2-4)``
``Y=chi**4*(chi**4+r**2*(7*r*(3*r-4)+36))+6*r*(r-2)*(chi**6+2*r**3*(chi**2*(3*r+2)+3*r**2*(r-2)))``
``Z=ISCO_eq(r,chi)``
"""
chi2 = chi*chi
chi4 = chi2*chi2
r2 = r*r
r4 = r2*r2
three_r = 3*r
r_minus_2 = r - 2
sin_incl2 = (math.sin(incl))**2
X = chi2*(chi2*(3*chi2+4*r*(2*r-3))+r2*(15*r*(r-4)+28))-6*r4*(r2-4)
Y = chi4 * (chi4+r2*(7 * r * (three_r-4)+36))+6 * r * r_minus_2 * \
(chi4*chi2+2*r2*r*(chi2*(three_r+2)+3*r2*r_minus_2))
Z = ISCO_eq(r, chi)
return r4*r4*Z+chi2*sin_incl2*(chi2*sin_incl2*Y-2*r4*X)
# ISSO radius solver
[docs]def PG_ISSO_solver(chi,incl):
"""Function that determines the radius of the innermost stable
spherical orbit (ISSO) for a Kerr BH and a generic inclination
angle between the BH spin and the orbital angular momentum.
This function finds the appropriat root of PG_ISSO_eq.
Parameters
----------
chi: float
the BH dimensionless spin parameter
incl: float
the inclination angle between the BH spin and the orbital
angular momentum in radians
Returns
-------
solution: float
the radius of the orbit in BH mass units
"""
# Auxiliary variables
cos_incl=math.cos(incl)
sgnchi = np.sign(cos_incl)*chi
# ISCO radius for the given spin magnitude
if sgnchi > 0.99:
initial_guess = 2 # Works better than 6 for chi=1
elif sgnchi < 0:
initial_guess = 9
else:
initial_guess = 5 # Works better than 6 for chi=0.5
rISCO_limit = scipy.optimize.fsolve(ISCO_eq, initial_guess, args=sgnchi)
# ISSO radius for an inclination of pi/2
if chi < 0:
initial_guess = 9
else:
initial_guess = 6
rISSO_at_pole_limit = scipy.optimize.fsolve(ISSO_eq_at_pole, initial_guess,
args=chi)
# If the inclination is 0 or pi, just output the ISCO radius
if incl in [0, math.pi]:
solution = rISCO_limit
# If the inclination is pi/2, just output the ISSO radius at the pole(s)
elif incl == math.pi/2:
solution = rISSO_at_pole_limit
# Otherwise, find the ISSO radius for a generic inclination
else:
initial_guess = max(rISCO_limit,rISSO_at_pole_limit)
solution = scipy.optimize.fsolve(PG_ISSO_eq, initial_guess,
args=(chi, incl))
if solution < 1 or solution > 9:
initial_guess = min(rISCO_limit,rISSO_at_pole_limit)
solution = scipy.optimize.fsolve(PG_ISSO_eq, initial_guess,
args=(chi, incl))
return solution
##############################################################################
# 2H 2-piecewise polytropic EOS, NS non-rotating equilibrium sequence #
# File format is: grav mass (Msun) baryonic mass (Msun) compactness #
# #
# Eventually, the function should call an NS sequence generator within LAL #
# the EOS prescribed by the user and store it. #
##############################################################################
[docs]def load_ns_sequence(eos_name):
"""
Load the data of an NS non-rotating equilibrium sequence
generated using the equation of state (EOS) chosen by the
user. [Only the 2H 2-piecewise polytropic EOS is currently
supported. This yields NSs with large radiss (15-16km).]
Parameters
-----------
eos_name: string
NS equation of state label ('2H' is the only supported
choice at the moment)
Returns
----------
ns_sequence: 3D-array
contains the sequence data in the form NS gravitational
mass (in solar masses), NS baryonic mass (in solar
masses), NS compactness (dimensionless)
max_ns_g_mass: float
the maximum NS gravitational mass (in solar masses) in
the sequence (this is the mass of the most massive stable
NS)
"""
ns_sequence = []
if eos_name == '2H':
ns_sequence_path = os.path.join(pycbc.tmpltbank.NS_SEQUENCE_FILE_DIRECTORY, 'equil_2H.dat')
ns_sequence = np.loadtxt(ns_sequence_path)
else:
err_msg = "Only the 2H EOS is currently supported."
err_msg += "If you plan to use a different NS EOS,"
err_msg += "be sure not to filter too many templates!\n"
logging.error(err_msg)
sys.exit(1)
raise Exception('Unsupported EOS!')
max_ns_g_mass = max(ns_sequence[:,0])
return (ns_sequence, max_ns_g_mass)
##############################################################################
# Given an NS equilibrium sequence and gravitational mass (in Msun), return #
# the NS baryonic mass (in Msun). #
##############################################################################
[docs]def ns_g_mass_to_ns_b_mass(ns_g_mass, ns_sequence):
"""
Determines the baryonic mass of an NS given its gravitational
mass and an NS equilibrium sequence.
Parameters
-----------
ns_g_mass: float
NS gravitational mass (in solar masses)
ns_sequence: 3D-array
contains the sequence data in the form NS gravitational
mass (in solar masses), NS baryonic mass (in solar
masses), NS compactness (dimensionless)
Returns
----------
float
The NS baryonic mass (in solar massesr**3*(r**2*(r-6)+chi**2*(3*r+4))+
chi**4*(3*r*(r-2)+chi**2))
"""
x = ns_sequence[:,0]
y = ns_sequence[:,1]
f = scipy.interpolate.interp1d(x, y)
return f(ns_g_mass)
##############################################################################
# Given an NS equilibrium sequence and gravitational mass (in Msun), return #
# the NS compactness. #
##############################################################################
[docs]def ns_g_mass_to_ns_compactness(ns_g_mass, ns_sequence):
"""
Determines the compactness of an NS given its
gravitational mass and an NS equilibrium sequence.
Parameters
-----------
ns_g_mass: float
NS gravitational mass (in solar masses)
ns_sequence: 3D-array
contains the sequence data in the form NS gravitational
mass (in solar masses), NS baryonic mass (in solar
masses), NS compactness (dimensionless)
Returns
----------
float
The NS compactness (dimensionless)
"""
x = ns_sequence[:,0]
y = ns_sequence[:,2]
f = scipy.interpolate.interp1d(x, y)
return f(ns_g_mass)
##############################################################################
# NS-BH merger remnant mass [Foucart, Hinderer, Nissanke PRD 98, 081501(R) #
# (2018)]. #
# #
# * THIS ASSUMES THE NS SPIN IS 0 (the user is warned about this). #
# * Physical parameters passed to remnant_mass (see sanity checks below) #
# must not be unphysical. #
# * Tilted BH spin cases are handled by using rISSO(chi,incl) where rISCO #
# appears in the formula. This approximation was suggested in Stone, Loeb, #
# Berger, PRD 87, 084053 (2013) for the previous NS-BH remnant mass fit of #
# Foucart, PRD 86, 124007 (2012). #
##############################################################################
[docs]def remnant_mass(eta, ns_g_mass, ns_sequence, chi, incl):
"""
Function that determines the remnant disk mass of
an NS-BH system using the fit to numerical-relativity
results discussed in Foucart, Hinderer, Nissanke PRD 98, 081501(R) (2018).
Parameters
-----------
eta: float
the symmetric mass ratio of the binary
ns_g_mass: float
NS gravitational mass (in solar masses)
ns_sequence: 3D-array
contains the sequence data in the form NS gravitational
mass (in solar masses), NS baryonic mass (in solar
masses), NS compactness (dimensionless)
chi: float
the BH dimensionless spin parameter
incl: float
the inclination angle between the BH spin and the orbital
angular momentum in radians
Returns
----------
remnant_mass: float
The remnant mass in solar masses
"""
# Sanity checks on eta and chi
if not (eta>0. and eta<=0.25 and abs(chi)<=1 and ns_g_mass>0):
err_msg = "The BH spin magnitude must be <= 1,"
err_msg += "eta must be between 0 and 0.25,"
err_msg += "and the NS mass must be positive."
logging.error(err_msg)
info_msg = "The function remnant_mass was launched with"
info_msg += "ns_mass={0}, eta={1}, chi={2},"
info_msg += "inclination={3}\n'.format(ns_g_mass, eta, chi, incl)"
logging.info(info_msg)
sys.exit(1)
raise Exception('Unphysical parameters!')
# NS compactness and rest mass
ns_compactness = ns_g_mass_to_ns_compactness(ns_g_mass, ns_sequence)
ns_b_mass = ns_g_mass_to_ns_b_mass(ns_g_mass, ns_sequence)
# Fit parameters and tidal correction
alpha = 0.406
beta = 0.139
gamma = 0.255
delta = 1.761
# The remnant mass over the NS rest mass
remnant_mass = (max(alpha/eta**(1./3.)*(1 - 2*ns_compactness)
- beta*ns_compactness / eta*PG_ISSO_solver(chi, incl)
+ gamma, 0.)) ** delta
# Convert to solar masses
remnant_mass = remnant_mass*ns_b_mass
return remnant_mass
#############################################################################
# Vectorized version of remnant_mass. The third argument (NS equilibrium #
# sequence) is excluded from vectorisation. #
#############################################################################
remnant_masses = np.vectorize(remnant_mass)
remnant_masses.excluded.add(2)