# Copyright (C) 2015 Francesco Pannarale
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
# Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at your
# option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General
# Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
from __future__ import division
import math
import numpy as np
import pycbc
import os.path
import scipy.optimize
import scipy.interpolate
import logging
import sys
##############################################################################
# Innermost Stable Spherical Orbit (ISSO) solver in the Perez-Giz (PG) #
# formalism [see Stone, Loeb, Berger, PRD 87, 084053 (2013)]. #
##############################################################################
# Equation that determines the ISCO radius (in BH mass units)
[docs]def ISCO_eq(r, chi):
"""
Polynomial that enables the calculation of the Kerr
inntermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) radius via its
roots.
Parameters
-----------
r: float
the radial coordinate in BH mass units
chi: float
the BH dimensionless spin parameter
Returns
----------
float
(r*(r-6))**2-chi**2*(2*r*(3*r+14)-9*chi**2)
"""
return (r*(r-6))**2-chi**2*(2*r*(3*r+14)-9*chi**2)
# Equation that determines the ISSO radius (in BH mass units) at one of the
# poles
[docs]def ISSO_eq_at_pole(r, chi):
"""
Polynomial that enables the calculation of the Kerr polar
(inclination = +/- pi/2) innermost stable spherical orbit
(ISSO) radius via its roots. Physical solutions are
between 6 and 1+sqrt[3]+sqrt[3+2sqrt[3]].
Parameters
-----------
r: float
the radial coordinate in BH mass units
chi: float
the BH dimensionless spin parameter
Returns
----------
float
r**3*(r**2*(r-6)+chi**2*(3*r+4))+chi**4*(3*r*(r-2)+chi**2)
"""
return r**3*(r**2*(r-6)+chi**2*(3*r+4))+chi**4*(3*r*(r-2)+chi**2)
# Equation that determines the ISSO radius (in BH mass units) for a generic
# orbital inclination
[docs]def PG_ISSO_eq(r, chi, incl):
"""
Polynomial that enables the calculation of a generic innermost
stable spherical orbit (ISSO) radius via its roots. Physical
solutions are between the equatorial ISSO (aka the ISCO) radius
and the polar ISSO radius.
[See Stone, Loeb, Berger, PRD 87, 084053 (2013)]
Parameters
-----------
r: float
the radial coordinate in BH mass units
chi: float
the BH dimensionless spin parameter
incl: float
inclination angle between the BH spin and the orbital angular
momentum in radians
Returns
----------
float
r**8*Z+chi**2*(1-cos_incl**2)*(chi**2*(1-cos_incl**2)*Y-2*r**4*X)
where
X=chi**2*(chi**2*(3*chi**2+4*r*(2*r-3))+r**2*(15*r*(r-4)+28))-
6*r**4*(r**2-4)
Y=chi**4*(chi**4+r**2*(7*r*(3*r-4)+36))+6*r*(r-2)*(chi**6+2*r**3*
(chi**2*(3*r+2)+3*r**2*(r-2)))
Z=ISCO_eq(r,chi)
"""
chi2 = chi*chi
chi4 = chi2*chi2
r2 = r*r
r4 = r2*r2
three_r = 3*r
r_minus_2 = r - 2
sin_incl2 = (math.sin(incl))**2
X = chi2*(chi2*(3*chi2+4*r*(2*r-3))+r2*(15*r*(r-4)+28))-6*r4*(r2-4)
Y = chi4 * (chi4+r2*(7 * r * (three_r-4)+36))+6 * r * r_minus_2 * \
(chi4*chi2+2*r2*r*(chi2*(three_r+2)+3*r2*r_minus_2))
Z = ISCO_eq(r, chi)
return r4*r4*Z+chi2*sin_incl2*(chi2*sin_incl2*Y-2*r4*X)
# ISSO radius solver
[docs]def PG_ISSO_solver(chi,incl):
"""
Function that determines the radius of the innermost stable
spherical orbit (ISSO) for a Kerr BH and a generic inclination
angle between the BH spin and the orbital angular momentum.
This function finds the appropriat root of PG_ISSO_eq.
Parameters
-----------
chi: float
the BH dimensionless spin parameter
incl: float
the inclination angle between the BH spin and the orbital
angular momentum in radians
Returns
----------
solution: float
the radius of the orbit in BH mass units
"""
# Auxiliary variables
cos_incl=math.cos(incl)
sgnchi = np.sign(cos_incl)*chi
# ISCO radius for the given spin magnitude
if sgnchi > 0.99:
initial_guess = 2 # Works better than 6 for chi=1
elif sgnchi < 0:
initial_guess = 9
else:
initial_guess = 5 # Works better than 6 for chi=0.5
rISCO_limit = scipy.optimize.fsolve(ISCO_eq, initial_guess, args=sgnchi)
# ISSO radius for an inclination of pi/2
if chi < 0:
initial_guess = 9
else:
initial_guess = 6
rISSO_at_pole_limit = scipy.optimize.fsolve(ISSO_eq_at_pole, initial_guess,
args=chi)
# If the inclination is 0 or pi, just output the ISCO radius
if incl in [0, math.pi]:
solution = rISCO_limit
# If the inclination is pi/2, just output the ISSO radius at the pole(s)
elif incl == math.pi/2:
solution = rISSO_at_pole_limit
# Otherwise, find the ISSO radius for a generic inclination
else:
initial_guess = max(rISCO_limit,rISSO_at_pole_limit)
solution = scipy.optimize.fsolve(PG_ISSO_eq, initial_guess,
args=(chi, incl))
if solution < 1 or solution > 9:
initial_guess = min(rISCO_limit,rISSO_at_pole_limit)
solution = scipy.optimize.fsolve(PG_ISSO_eq, initial_guess,
args=(chi, incl))
return solution
##############################################################################
# 2H 2-piecewise polytropic EOS, NS non-rotating equilibrium sequence #
# File format is: grav mass (Msun) baryonic mass (Msun) compactness #
# #
# Eventually, the function should call an NS sequence generator within LAL #
# the EOS prescribed by the user and store it. #
##############################################################################
[docs]def load_ns_sequence(eos_name):
"""
Load the data of an NS non-rotating equilibrium sequence
generated using the equation of state (EOS) chosen by the
user. [Only the 2H 2-piecewise polytropic EOS is currently
supported. This yields NSs with large radiss (15-16km).]
Parameters
-----------
eos_name: string
NS equation of state label ('2H' is the only supported
choice at the moment)
Returns
----------
ns_sequence: 3D-array
contains the sequence data in the form NS gravitational
mass (in solar masses), NS baryonic mass (in solar
masses), NS compactness (dimensionless)
max_ns_g_mass: float
the maximum NS gravitational mass (in solar masses) in
the sequence (this is the mass of the most massive stable
NS)
"""
ns_sequence = []
if eos_name == '2H':
ns_sequence_path = os.path.join(pycbc.tmpltbank.NS_SEQUENCE_FILE_DIRECTORY, 'equil_2H.dat')
ns_sequence = np.loadtxt(ns_sequence_path)
else:
err_msg = "Only the 2H EOS is currently supported."
err_msg += "If you plan to use a different NS EOS,"
err_msg += "be sure not to filter too many templates!\n"
logging.error(err_msg)
sys.exit(1)
raise Exception('Unsupported EOS!')
max_ns_g_mass = max(ns_sequence[:,0])
return (ns_sequence, max_ns_g_mass)
##############################################################################
# Given an NS equilibrium sequence and gravitational mass (in Msun), return #
# the NS baryonic mass (in Msun). #
##############################################################################
[docs]def ns_g_mass_to_ns_b_mass(ns_g_mass, ns_sequence):
"""
Determines the baryonic mass of an NS given its gravitational
mass and an NS equilibrium sequence.
Parameters
-----------
ns_g_mass: float
NS gravitational mass (in solar masses)
ns_sequence: 3D-array
contains the sequence data in the form NS gravitational
mass (in solar masses), NS baryonic mass (in solar
masses), NS compactness (dimensionless)
Returns
----------
float
The NS baryonic mass (in solar massesr**3*(r**2*(r-6)+chi**2*(3*r+4))+
chi**4*(3*r*(r-2)+chi**2))
"""
x = ns_sequence[:,0]
y = ns_sequence[:,1]
f = scipy.interpolate.interp1d(x, y)
return f(ns_g_mass)
##############################################################################
# Given an NS equilibrium sequence and gravitational mass (in Msun), return #
# the NS compactness. #
##############################################################################
[docs]def ns_g_mass_to_ns_compactness(ns_g_mass, ns_sequence):
"""
Determines the compactness of an NS given its
gravitational mass and an NS equilibrium sequence.
Parameters
-----------
ns_g_mass: float
NS gravitational mass (in solar masses)
ns_sequence: 3D-array
contains the sequence data in the form NS gravitational
mass (in solar masses), NS baryonic mass (in solar
masses), NS compactness (dimensionless)
Returns
----------
float
The NS compactness (dimensionless)
"""
x = ns_sequence[:,0]
y = ns_sequence[:,2]
f = scipy.interpolate.interp1d(x, y)
return f(ns_g_mass)
##############################################################################
# NS-BH merger remnant mass [Foucart, Hinderer, Nissanke PRD 98, 081501(R) #
# (2018)]. #
# #
# * THIS ASSUMES THE NS SPIN IS 0 (the user is warned about this). #
# * Physical parameters passed to remnant_mass (see sanity checks below) #
# must not be unphysical. #
# * Tilted BH spin cases are handled by using rISSO(chi,incl) where rISCO #
# appears in the formula. This approximation was suggested in Stone, Loeb, #
# Berger, PRD 87, 084053 (2013) for the previous NS-BH remnant mass fit of #
# Foucart, PRD 86, 124007 (2012). #
##############################################################################
[docs]def remnant_mass(eta, ns_g_mass, ns_sequence, chi, incl):
"""
Function that determines the remnant disk mass of
an NS-BH system using the fit to numerical-relativity
results discussed in Foucart, Hinderer, Nissanke PRD 98, 081501(R) (2018).
Parameters
-----------
eta: float
the symmetric mass ratio of the binary
ns_g_mass: float
NS gravitational mass (in solar masses)
ns_sequence: 3D-array
contains the sequence data in the form NS gravitational
mass (in solar masses), NS baryonic mass (in solar
masses), NS compactness (dimensionless)
chi: float
the BH dimensionless spin parameter
incl: float
the inclination angle between the BH spin and the orbital
angular momentum in radians
Returns
----------
remnant_mass: float
The remnant mass in solar masses
"""
# Sanity checks on eta and chi
if not (eta>0. and eta<=0.25 and abs(chi)<=1 and ns_g_mass>0):
err_msg = "The BH spin magnitude must be <= 1,"
err_msg += "eta must be between 0 and 0.25,"
err_msg += "and the NS mass must be positive."
logging.error(err_msg)
info_msg = "The function remnant_mass was launched with"
info_msg += "ns_mass={0}, eta={1}, chi={2},"
info_msg += "inclination={3}\n'.format(ns_g_mass, eta, chi, incl)"
logging.info(info_msg)
sys.exit(1)
raise Exception('Unphysical parameters!')
# NS compactness and rest mass
ns_compactness = ns_g_mass_to_ns_compactness(ns_g_mass, ns_sequence)
ns_b_mass = ns_g_mass_to_ns_b_mass(ns_g_mass, ns_sequence)
# Fit parameters and tidal correction
alpha = 0.406
beta = 0.139
gamma = 0.255
delta = 1.761
# The remnant mass over the NS rest mass
remnant_mass = (max(alpha/eta**(1./3.)*(1 - 2*ns_compactness)
- beta*ns_compactness / eta*PG_ISSO_solver(chi, incl)
+ gamma, 0.)) ** delta
# Convert to solar masses
remnant_mass = remnant_mass*ns_b_mass
return remnant_mass
#############################################################################
# Vectorized version of remnant_mass. The third argument (NS equilibrium #
# sequence) is excluded from vectorisation. #
#############################################################################
remnant_masses = np.vectorize(remnant_mass)
remnant_masses.excluded.add(2)